A 6-year-old on 40% oxygen via aerosol mask repeatedly removes the mask and reports suffocation; to maintain the same FiO2 and humidity, what change is recommended?

• A. Oxygen hood
• B. Face tent
• C. Nasal cannula
• D. Membrane cartridge system

Answer: (D)

When a child fights a mask and you need to keep a specific oxygen level and humidity, the delivery method should be enclosed and not easily interrupted, with built‑in humidification. A membrane cartridge system fits that need because it provides a closed, continuous pathway for oxygen with humidification built into the device, helping maintain the target FiO2 consistently even if the patient tries to disrupt the interface. This reduces the chance of FiO2 fluctuations and drying of mucous membranes.

Oxygen hoods are largely used for infants and are impractical for a 6-year-old. A face tent offers a less confining option than a mask but can still be displaced, so FiO2 and humidity control aren’t as reliable. A nasal cannula is comfortable but typically cannot deliver a steady 40% FiO2 with consistent humidity at a level tolerated by a child, and dislodgement remains a risk. The membrane cartridge system, by providing a stable, humidified stream in an enclosed setup, best maintains both FiO2 and humidity when mask removal is a concern.